Now if we think of how gut bacteria like Clostridium difficile spread aggressively from person to person in a hospital setting...... or farming practices using human waste as fertilizer (which was hypothesized to be responsible for the wide prevalence of Covid in midwestern deer)......
The uncharacteristic IL17 response could also be due to the bacterial superantigen motifs that are encoded in the Spike.
There are a couple of publications that are relevant to this phenomena and bacteria may be indeed doing something odd in all of this:
[Increase of SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in faecal samples prompts for rethinking of SARS-CoV-2 biology and COVID-19 epidemiology ] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34336189/
"Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in vitro in bacterial
growth medium."
"Our observations are compatible with a ‘bacteriophage-like’ behaviour
of SARS-CoV-2, which, to our knowledge has not been observed or
described before."
I've been commenting on this before and I don't think SARS-CoV-2 has any bacteriophage-like capabilities. My hypothesis was exactly the same as here, bacteria were assimilating some of the genetic material.
Another example of the problem with this comes from:
"Asymptomatic laboratory workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 for days to months were found to harbor a laboratory plasmid vector containing SARS-CoV-2 DNA."
I actually gave up on a microbiome project because I realized that the level of contamination by Spike basically obliterated the possibility of starting from pure, ideal samples and that this would only get worse in the future.
Other than the fact that the associated genomic patterns will be prevalent within the ecosystem and the surveillance data will not be reliable, I don't think there will be a biological impact due to toxicity, in general. Although there was an interesting study with regards to toxin-like peptides derived from the S protein:
Now if we think of how gut bacteria like Clostridium difficile spread aggressively from person to person in a hospital setting...... or farming practices using human waste as fertilizer (which was hypothesized to be responsible for the wide prevalence of Covid in midwestern deer)......
The uncharacteristic IL17 response could also be due to the bacterial superantigen motifs that are encoded in the Spike.
There are a couple of publications that are relevant to this phenomena and bacteria may be indeed doing something odd in all of this:
[Increase of SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in faecal samples prompts for rethinking of SARS-CoV-2 biology and COVID-19 epidemiology ] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34336189/
"Our results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in vitro in bacterial
growth medium."
"Our observations are compatible with a ‘bacteriophage-like’ behaviour
of SARS-CoV-2, which, to our knowledge has not been observed or
described before."
I've been commenting on this before and I don't think SARS-CoV-2 has any bacteriophage-like capabilities. My hypothesis was exactly the same as here, bacteria were assimilating some of the genetic material.
Another example of the problem with this comes from:
[Persistent Nonviral Plasmid Vector in Nasal Tissues Causes False-Positive SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Nucleic Acid Tests ] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36226962/
"Asymptomatic laboratory workers who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 for days to months were found to harbor a laboratory plasmid vector containing SARS-CoV-2 DNA."
I actually gave up on a microbiome project because I realized that the level of contamination by Spike basically obliterated the possibility of starting from pure, ideal samples and that this would only get worse in the future.
What are the implications for other species?
Other than the fact that the associated genomic patterns will be prevalent within the ecosystem and the surveillance data will not be reliable, I don't think there will be a biological impact due to toxicity, in general. Although there was an interesting study with regards to toxin-like peptides derived from the S protein:
[Toxicological insights of Spike fragments SARS-CoV-2 by exposure environment: A threat to aquatic health?] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34216962/